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Social exclusion among selected groups in Australia,%, 2009

  Deep exclusion Marginal exclusion All social exclusion
Gender   
Males 4.5 17.2 21.7
Females 5.5 21.4 27.0
Age   
Under 15 years* 5.0 14.3 19.3
15 to 24 years 4.1 17.7 21.8
25 to 49 years 3.5 12.3 15.8
50 to 64 years 4.9 17.7 22.6
65+ years 5.4 43.7 49.1
Country of birth   
Australia 4.8 18.8 23.6
Other English-speaking 4.7 19.7 24.4
Non–English speaking 6.6 22.5 29.1
Indigenous background   
Aboriginal and
Torres Strait Islander
9.3 30.5 39.8
Health   
Long-term ill health/disability 13.9 35.3 49.2
Education   
Degree 1.2 6.7 7.9
Diploma 3.3 11.7 15.0
Certificate III/IV 3.9 14.6 18.5
Year 12 3.1 15.1 18.2
Certificate I/ II 12.7 32.2 44.9
Year 11 or less 10.0 36.6 46.6
Housing type
Home-owner  4.4 23.6 28.0
Mortgagee 2.2 11.9 14.1
Private renter 7.9 21.1 29.0
Public housing tenant 22.8 38.4 61.2
Household  type   
Couple 4.3 20.3 24.6
Couple with children 2.9 12.7 15.6
Lone parent with children 11.0 30.3 41.3
Si ngle person 8.2 30.0 38.2

* Results for age-group under 15 years derived from household data.

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Social exclusion in Australia by gender, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Males 28.8 27.2 27.9 25.8 25.5 24.4 22.6 22.0 21.7
Females 35.9 35.1 33.4 30.3 32.0 30.1 29.0 28.2 27.0
Deep exclusion       
Males  6.8 6.4 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.5
Females  8.1 7.6 7.0 6.6 6.5 5.6 5.7 5.5 5.5

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Social exclusion in Australia by age group, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Under 15 years 29.6 27.8 26.6 24.7 24.2 21.9 21.1 20.2 19.3
15 to 24 years 29.9 28.7 25.9 23.5 20.8 20.8 18.8 19.9 21.8
25 to 49 years 23.8 22.5 21.5 18.7 19.3 17.9 17.3 16.1 15.8
50 to 64 years 33.1 31.1 28.8 27.5 28.8 25.1 24.6 24.0 22.6
65+ years 56.2 56.4 54.9 52.3 54.3 53.6 51.5 50.3 49.1
Deep exclusion       
Under 15 years 7.8 7.1 6.0 7.0 5.4 5.7 5.6 6.6 5.0
15 to 24 years 5.8 6.7 5.9 4.8 4.7 4.0 3.3 3.6 4.1
25 to 49 years 5.6 5.6 4.7 4.6 4.0 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.5
50 to 64 years 8.4 6.4 6.3 5.2 6.2 5.3 5.5 4.3 4.9
65+ years 9.7 8.0 7.4 7.3 8.3 7.6 8.0 6.4 5.4

See graph for this data table.

 

Social exclusion in Australia by country of birth, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Australia 30.8 29.9 29.0 26.6 27.3 26.3 25.3 23.8 23.6
Other English-speaking 32.5 30.6 30.3 28.9 30.4 26.6 25.6 29.7 24.4
Non–English speaking 40.1 38.6 39.9 35.8 35.5 33.1 29.2 29.5 29.1
Deep exclusion       
Australia 7.0 6.7 6.1 5.4 5.7 5.0 4.9 4.4 4.8
Other English-speaking 6.3 5.1 5.7 5.7 5.1 5.4 5.3 5.4 4.7
Non–English speaking 10.7 10.0 8.2 9.4 9.1 7.6 7.1 7.6 6.6

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Social exclusion for Indigenous Australians, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
All Australians 32.3 31.2 30.7 28.1 28.7 27.3 25.8 25.2 23.2
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 53.0 57.0 49.4 52.3 50.2 48.5 41.1 41.8 39.8
Deep exclusion       
All Australians 7.5 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.1 5.4 5.3 4.9 4.7
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander 20.2 19.0 14.4 9.9 22.1 16.7 12.8 15.5 9.3

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Social exclusion for Australians with a long-term health condition or disability, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Persons with long-term ill health/disability 60.6 63.3 57.7 56.6 57.5 57.2 53.8 53.6 49.2
Deep exclusion    
Persons with long-term ill health/disability 19.4 20.8 16.8 15.9 15.5 15.8 15.4 13.8 13.9

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Social exclusion in Australia by education, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Degree 12.7 13.5 14.4 10.7 10.8 9.4 8.6 8.8 7.9
Diploma 19.9 18.5 20.4 18.8 15.0 13.7 12.3 14.3 15.0
Certificate III/IV 24.7 22.2 22.5 21.4 22.1 21.0 19.7 20.0 18.5
Year 12 24.3 25.5 23.4 22.3 19.9 18.1 19.0 17.4 18.2
Certificate I/II 51.9 49.7 49.7 43.4 51.1 45.0 52.6 51.1 44.9
Year 11 or less 51.2 49.3 48.7 45.9 49.5 49.2 46.7 46.2 46.6
Deep exclusion       
Degree 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.2 1.2
Diploma 3.7 3.4 3.4 3.0 2.1 2.5 1.6 2.1 3.3
Certificate III/IV 6.0 4.7 4.4 4.4 5.3 3.8 4.5 4.2 3.9
Year 12 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.1 3.6 3.8 3.5 2.8 3.1
Certificate I/II 13.4 15.8 16.0 12.6 12.1 9.6 11.6 12.0 12.7
Year 11 or less 12.6 11.9 10.0 10.0 11.0 10.1 10.0 9.7 10.0

See graph for this data table. 

 

Social exclusion in Australia by household type, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Couple 32.4 31.5 31.0 28.7 30.9 28.1 26.5 25.8 24.6
Couple with children 24.2 22.9 21.9 19.7 18.7 19.3 16.7 16.1 15.6
Lone parent with children 52.6 51.4 51.4 45.1 45.1 40.7 41.9 38.3 41.3
Single person 44.9 45.3 42.9 42.3 42.4 39.1 39.2 37.9 38.2
Deep exclusion       
Couple 6.6 6.7 5.9 4.9 5.7 4.8 4.7 3.9 4.3
Couple with children 4.0 3.4 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 2.9
Lone parent with children 18.2 15.0 14.1 13.5 14.4 9.2 10.9 10.9 11.0
Single person 12.4 14.4 10.8 10.5 9.5 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.2

See graph for this data table. 

 

Social exclusion in Australia by housing type, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion       
Home-owner 34.0 32.8 33.3 30.2 31.8 31.1 28.7 28.1 28.0
Mortgagee 21.8 20.3 18.3 17.7 16.7 16.3 15.7 14.4 14.1
Private renter 39.5 36.2 36.0 30.4 31.6 29.4 30.1 31.3 29.0
Public housing tenant 67.6 72.4 75.6 72.5 76.3 70.3 67.8 66.7 61.2
Deep exclusion       
Home-owner 6.6 5.4 5.1 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.4 4.4
Mortgagee 4.1 3.5 3.1 3.8 3.3 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2
Private renter 11.3 12.4 9.4 7.9 8.5 7.6 7.2 9.1 7.9
Public housing tenants 27.6 27.3 28.1 24.6 28.5 25.4 27.8 15.2 22.8

See graph for this data table. 

 

Percentage of Australians experiencing each social exclusion indicator, average, 2001–09

Indicator  Average 2001–08 Average 2001–09
Material resources
Low income  20.2 20.6
Low net worth 37.6 35.9
Low consumption 12.4 13.9
Financial hardship 6.1 6.1
Employment 
Jobless household 11.7 11.5
Long-term unemployment 0.5 0.5
Unemployment 3.3 3.4
Underemployment 9.6 9.6
Marginal attachment to workforce 16.1 16.1
Education and skills
Low education 35.7 35.0
Low literacy 3.1 3.1
Low numeracy 4.7 4.7
Poor English 2.7 2.7
Little work experience 11.5 11.5
Health 
Poor general health 18.2 18.1
Poor physical health 10.8 10.7
Poor mental health 10.0 10.0
Long-term health condition or disability 26.2 26.5
Disabled child 3.5 3.4
Social connection
Little social support 1.3 1.3
Infrequent social activity 10.8 10.7
Community 
Low neighbourhood quality 1.6 1.6
Disconnection from community 13.8 13.7
Low satisfaction with neighbourhood 4.5 4.5
Low membership of clubs and associations 18.4 18.2
Low volunteer activity 23.1 21.7
Personal safety
Victim of violence 1.6 1.6
Victim of property crime 4.9 4.8
Feeling of being unsafe 4.1 3.9

See graph for this data table. 

 

Levels of social exclusion and income poverty, %, 2001–09

  2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
All social exclusion 32.3 31.2 30.7 28.1 28.7 27.3 25.8 25.2 24.4
Marginal exclusion 24.9 24.2 24.3 22.1 22.7 21.9 20.6 20.2 19.4
Deep exclusion 7.5 7.0 6.3 6.0 6.1 5.4 5.3 4.9 5.1
Income poverty (below 60% of median income) 21.6 21.6 21.7 22.0 21.6 20.4 20.7 20.7 20.4

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Persistence of social exclusion for Australians, %, 2001–09

Number of years excluded, 2001–09 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
All social exclusion 44.9 15.5 9.6 7.3 5.4 5.2 4.4 3.6 2.6 1.6
Deep exclusion 82.2 8.3 3.8 1.9 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.1

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The social exclusion monitor is the work of the Brotherhood of St Laurence and the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research (MIAESR). This page was updated using analysis of Wave 9 of the HILDA Survey in February 2012.